Claudette Colvin Biographie

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Claudette Colvin est une militante qui a été une pionnière du mouvement des droits civiques en Alabama dans les années 1950. Elle a refusé de céder sa place dans un bus plusieurs mois avant la plus célèbre manifestation de Rosa Parks.

Qui est Claudette Colvin? 

Claudette Colvin est une militante des droits civiques qui, avant Rosa Parks, avait refusé de céder sa place de bus à un passager blanc. Elle a été arrêtée et est devenue l'une des quatre demanderesses en Browder v. Gayle, qui a jugé que Montgomery'Le système de bus séparé était inconstitutionnel. Colvin a ensuite déménagé à New York et a travaillé comme infirmière's assistant. Elle a pris sa retraite en 2004.

Jeunesse

Colvin est né le 5 septembre 1939 à Montgomery, en Alabama. Grandir dans l'un des Montgomery'Dans les quartiers les plus pauvres, Colvin a beaucoup étudié à l’école. Elle a gagné la plupart du temps comme dans ses cours et aspirait à devenir présidente un jour.. 

Le 2 mars 1955, Colvin rentrait chez lui à bord d'un autobus après son école après qu'un chauffeur lui ait demandé de céder sa place à un passager blanc. Elle a refusé en disant:'J'ai le droit constitutionnel de siéger ici autant que cette femme. J'ai payé mon billet'C'est mon droit constitutionnel. "Colvin s'est senti obligé de rester sur ses positions." Je me sentais comme si Sojourner Truth appuyait sur une épaule et Harriet Tubman s'appuyait sur l'autre et disait:, 'Asseyez-vous fille!' J'étais collé à mon siège ", a-t-elle dit plus tard Newsweek.

Arrêté pour avoir enfreint les lois sur la ségrégation

Après son refus de quitter son siège, Colvin a été arrêtée sous plusieurs chefs d'accusation, y compris d'avoir violé la ville.'s lois de ségrégation. Pendant plusieurs heures, elle est restée en prison complètement terrorisée. "J'avais vraiment peur, parce que tu ne venais pas'Je ne sais pas ce que les Blancs pourraient faire à ce moment-là ", a déclaré plus tard Colvin. Après que son ministre eut payé sa caution, elle est rentrée chez elle où sa famille et elle sont restées éveillées toute la nuit, craignant d'éventuelles représailles..

L’Association nationale pour l’avancement des gens de couleur a brièvement envisagé d’utiliser Colvin's cas de contester les lois de ségrégation, mais ils ont décidé de ne pas le faire en raison de son âge. Elle était également tombée enceinte et ils pensaient qu'une mère célibataire attirerait trop l'attention négative dans une bataille juridique publique. Son fils, Raymond, est né en mars 1956.

Au tribunal, Colvin s’est opposé à la loi sur la ségrégation en se déclarant non coupable. Le tribunal a toutefois statué contre elle et l'a mise en probation. Malgré la peine légère, Colvin n'a pas pu échapper à l'opinion publique. L'étudiante autrefois silencieuse a été qualifiée de fauteur de troubles par certains et elle a dû abandonner ses études. Sa réputation l'empêchait également de trouver un emploi..

Demandeur dans 'Browder v. Gayle'

En dépit de ses difficultés personnelles, Colvin est devenue l’une des quatre plaignantes du Browder v. Gayle Le cas, avec Aurelia S. Browder, Susie McDonald et Mary Louise Smith (Jeanatta Reese, initialement nommée plaignante dans l'affaire, s'est retirée de bonne heure en raison de pressions extérieures). La décision dans l'affaire 1956, qui avait été déposée par Fred Gray et Charles D. Langford au nom des femmes afro-américaines susmentionnées, a statué que Montgomery'Le système de bus séparé était inconstitutionnel.

Deux ans plus tard, Colvin a déménagé à New York, où elle a eu son deuxième fils, Randy, et a travaillé comme infirmière.'s assistant dans une maison de retraite de Manhattan. Elle a pris sa retraite en 2004.

Héritage et 'Claudette Colvin se met au travail'

Une grande partie de l’écriture sur l’histoire des droits civils à Montgomery est centrée sur l’arrestation de Parks, une autre femme qui a refusé de céder sa place dans le bus, neuf mois après Colvin. Alors que Parks a été présenté comme une héroïne des droits civiques, Colvin'Son histoire a reçu peu de préavis. Certains ont essayé de changer cela. Rita Dove a écrit le poème "Claudette Colvin va au travail", qui est devenu plus tard une chanson. Phillip Hoose a également écrit sur elle dans la biographie de jeunes adultes Claudette Colvin: deux fois vers la justice.

Même si son rôle dans la lutte contre la ségrégation à Montgomery n'est peut-être pas largement reconnu, Colvin a contribué à faire progresser les efforts en faveur des droits civils dans la ville. "Claudette nous a donné à tous un courage moral. Si elle n'avait pas fait ce qu'elle a fait, je ne suis pas sûre que nous aurions pu obtenir le soutien de Mme Parks", a déclaré son ancien avocat, Fred Gray Newsweek.




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